It is a sequence of limestones, green mudrocks and subordinate sandstones, and has been paleontologically dated as from late palaeocene to. Sabathu also known as subathu is a cantonment town in solan district in the indian state of himachal pradesh geography. This paper deals with the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation of the subathu formation exposed at marhighat on sarahannarag road in sirmaur district of himachal pradesh. Stratigraphic and micropaleontological constraints on the. Implication to the oligomiocene unconformity in the himalayan foreland, journal of asian earth sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Eocene mammals from the upper subathu group, kashmir himalaya, india. Middle eocene cetaceans from the harudi and subathu formations of india. The station was originally one of those retained by sir, d. Later, definite paleocene fossils were discovered in the basal part designated as the kakra series srikantia and bhargava, 1967.
The kasauli formation overlies the dagshai for mation, and has been dated atyounger than 28ma at two localities andlessthan22maatathird,usingdetritalmica. The occurrence of sole marks suggests that they are developed by. Comparisons are made with the better documented co. Sediment provenance of pre and postcollisional cretaceous. Pdf eocene ichthyofauna from the subathu formation. Facies relations in the subathu sediments, simla hills. Pdf vertebrates from subathu formation and comments on. Jun 19, 2019 the late paleocenemiddle eocene phosphate nodules of solan district of himachal pradesh belong to green facies of subathu formation of sirmur group. Ishatherium is an extinct genus of ungulate from the early eocene of the subathu formation in northwestern india it is only known from a partial upper molar and was formerly classified as a sirenian. Pdf the subathu formation exposed in the solan district, himachal pradesh.
Here we describe the first tapiromorph perissodactyls from the subcontinent. Age of initiation of the indiaasia collision in the eastcentral. Forced regressive shoreface sandstone from himalayan foreland. The kuldana formation of pakistan is best known for its fossil mammals, including primitive cetaceans such as pakicetus and its close relatives. Subathu formation upper paleocene has not been encountered in any of the drilled wells as it is deeply buried.
Which of the following rocks contributes the highest amount of radioactive heat in the earths. Geochemistry of gas seeps from surface shows and wells of the. Evolutionof the himalayanforelandbasin,nwindia yani najman,n kit johnson,w nicola whitez and grahame oliver. The type dentary has a small mandibular canal indicating a lack of auditory specializations seen in more advanced cetaceans, and it has pakicetus like molar teeth suggesting that it fed on fish. Pdf vertebrates from the type section of the subathu. C subathu formation, dmia formation, bijaigarh shale, po formation 0 bijaigarh shale, po formation, dmia formation, subathu formation q. As of 2001 india census, sabathu had a population of 8720. Download book pdf the emergence of whales pp 2233 cite as. Gandheralophus is probably derived from a primitive isectolophid such as. Biochronological continuity of the paleogene sediments of. The subathu formation is the oldest foreland basin deposits and overlies a rigid. Dhauladhar granite, chail formation, dharamkot limestone formation, subathu formation, dharamsala group and siwalik group.
The carbonate and the shale consist mainly of larger benthic foraminifera lbf and the assemblage is. Gingerich stratigraphic and micropaleontological constraints on the middle eocene age of the mammalbearing kuldana formation of pakistan, journal of vertebrate. Gurkha fort subathu, shimla timings, history, best time. Carbon isotope and ree characteristics of the paleocene. Petromineralogical studies of late paleocenemiddle eocene. Eocene rodents and associated reptiles from the subathu formation of northwestern india pp. Pdf ecostratigraphy of subathu formation, solan district. Pdf facies architecture and depositional evolution of. Together with kasauli and dagshai, it was created by the british army in the mid19th century for the families and some of the troops to escape to in the hot weather which was so unhealthy in the plains. A large part of this formation is comprised of impure limestone and grey shale intercalations. The windiest of all days will be wednesday 15 th april as wind will reach 9mph or 15kmph at around 5 pm. Eocene mammals from the upper subathu group, kashmir himalaya.
Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the. A new genus and species of small bunodont artiodactyl mammalia, myanmarius chitseini, is established on the basis of molar specimens from the upper middle eocene pondaung formation, myanmar. Mar 12, 2011 late paleocenemiddle eocene subathu formation represents the earliest deposits of the western himalayan foreland basin. Stratigraphy of the lower tertiary formations of panjab himalayas volume 105 issue 5 r. This is overlain by the continental dharamsala formation of sandstone and mudstone, the stratigraphic equivalent of the dagshai and kasauli formations in the simla hills. Subathu formation composition reflects provenance influence from the indus suture zone during latest paleocenemiddle eocene time, indicating initiation of.
The himalayan foreland basin is an active collisional foreland basin system that developed. Eocene cetaceans from the indian subcontinent were first reported over 25 years ago by tandon. Make sure to carry an umbrella if you are out and about in subathu, india. This paper provides new information on the evolution of the himalayan foreland basin in the under. Evolution of the himalayan foreland basin, nw india, basin. A new eocene archaeocete mammalia, cetacea from india. Late paleocenemiddle eocene subathu formation represents the earliest deposits of the western himalayan foreland basin. Forced regression across the marine to continental. While the occurrence of crspinel and kt boundary nannoplanktons in the subathu formation and. Offer starts on jan 8, 2020 and expires on sept 30, 2020. The subathu formation is the oldest foreland basin deposits and overlies a rigid precambrian basement of the entire foreland basin system that consisted of dolomitic limestone, chert, and calcareous shale. A new eocene archaeocete mammalia, cetacea from india and.
The tectonostratigraphic sequence of gaj watershed is given in table 1 and figure 3. Anthracobune coal mound is an extinct genus of stem perissodactyl from the middle eocene of the upper kuldana formation of kohat, punjab, pakistan the size of a small tapir, it lived in a marshy environment and fed on soft aquatic plants. The age of the land mammal yielding transitional part of subathu sequence is considered as lutetian on the basis of foraminiferal biostratigraphy and its correlationship with standard sections in pakistan. Middle eocene cetaceans from the harudi and subathu formations. Upper eocene shallow marine subathu formation presiwalik is composed of mudstone and sandstone with minor limestone karunakaran and ranga rao, 1979. The type dentary has a small mandibular canal indicating a lack of auditory specializations seen in more advanced cetaceans, and it has pakicetuslike molar teeth suggesting that it fed on fish. The journal of paleontology, published by the paleontological society, includes original articles and notes on the systematics of fossil organisms and the implications of systematics to biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleogeography, and evolution. Evolution of the paleogene succession of the western. Middle eocene cetaceans from the harudi and subathu. Sabathu has an average elevation of 1265 metres 4150 feet. Eocene ichthyofauna from the subathu formation, northwestern himalaya, india.
Whereas the argillaceous intervals in the lower subathu are ubiquitously. Biochronological continuity of the paleogene sediments of the. Origin of chert breccia at the unconformity between precambrian sirban limestone and paleogene subathu formation. Landslide study of gaj watershed, beas river basin, himachal. The national weather service for subathu, india is reporting monday th april to be the wettest day in the coming week with around 0. Palynofacies characterization for hydrocarbon source rock. Ochterlony on the termination of gorkha campaign of 1815 as a political land military outpost, and was made the headquarters of the nasiri battalion raised from the fragments of the gorkha troops, a detachment of which had formally occupied subathu as a position. Stratigraphy of the lower tertiary formations of panjab himalayas. In our opinion it should be referred to as the kakra member as lithologically this sequence is indistinct from the main subathu, hence not mappable. It is only known from a partial upper molar and was formerly classified as a sirenian. Karewa formation subathu group bauxite formation kopili formation disang groupjaintia gp. Subathu was a hill cantonment in simla district, punjab. Subathu weather forecast, himachal pradesh, india 10 day.
The overlying marl facies containing thick and thin. The three main formations that indicates the main evolution of the foreland basin is the subathu marine formation, the dagshai continental formation which is exposed in various locations although most analysis is done in jammu, and the siwalik group which consists of the lower, middle, and upper siwalik group. At the end of your monthly term, you will be automatically renewed at the promotional monthly subscription rate until the end of the promo period, unless you elect to. Mammaliaparatritemnodon indicus, which was hitherto known by heavily worn p3m3, are described from the uppermost subathu formation middle eocene of the kalakotmetkamohgala area, rajauri district, jammu and kashmir. However, as will be seen later, outcrop studies point out that subathu formation deposited in shallow marine environment has some potential to have acted as the source of hydrocarbons in the area. Eocene upper age limit for the subathu formation to. Geochemistry of gas seeps from surface shows and wells of. Hydrocarbon potential of these sediments is estimated on the basis of palynofacies analysis and thermal alteration index tai values based on the fossil sporespollen colouration. The limestones contain sole marks, intraformational conglomerates, hummocky cross stratification and wave ripples. Kuldana mammals have been regarded in different studies as early lutetian in age early middle eocene, late ypresian late early eocene, or, recently, to span much of ypresian through early lutetian time early part of the early eocene through the. This reinforces an interpretation first proposed from the perspective of coeval kalakot mammals recovered from the subathu formation in india.
Forced regressive shoreface sandstone from himalayan. Stratigraphic and micropaleontological constraints on the middle eocene age of the mammalbearing kuldana formation of pakistan. Read forced regression across the marine to continental transition in jammu subbasin. Field observations indicate sporadic distribution of phosphatic nodules in the yellow brown to rusty brown, buffcolored bleach shales. The subathu formation mainly composing of marine to shallow marine facies in the form of shales and minor amounts of sand also consists of predominantly green mudstone with minor. Pdf vertebrates from subathu formation and comments on the. Current science is a fortnightly journal published since 1932 by the current science association, bangalore india in collaboration with the indian academy of sciences. Facies architecture and depositional evolution of palaeoceneeocene, subathu formation, garhwal himalaya, uttarakhand, india. It was placed in anthracobunidae in 1983 but this placement was rejected in a 2014 cladistic analysis references. Sabathu also known as subathu is a cantonment town in solan district in the indian state of himachal pradesh. Eocene rodents and associated reptiles from the subathu formation of northwestern india. Eocene mammals from the upper subathu group, kashmir. Basinresearch evolutionof the himalayanforelandbasin,nwindia. Reconstructing early himalayan tectonic evolution and.
Facies architecture and depositional evolution of palaeocene. Phosphatic nodules are dull earthy to dark grayish in color and break with sharp and conchoidal surfaces. Possible silicified algae from the late precambrian waterton formation of canada. Subathu formation, subathu, solan district, himachal pradesh and from its lateral extensions at dharampur solan and kalakot, rajauri ypresian which is considered as an equivalent of mathurs. A new genus and species of bunodont artiodactyl from the. In a formation, if the density increases and elastic constants remain unchanged, then a both p and s wave velocities increase b p wave velocity increases and s wave velocity decreases. The main groupformations characterizing the watershed area are. Himalayacetus is significant because it is the oldest archaeocete known and because it. This group was formerly classified with proboscideans notes. Apr 01, 2006 read biochronological continuity of the paleogene sediments of the himalayan foreland basin. Facies relations in the subathu sediments, simla hills, northwestern himalaya, india. Biochronological continuity of the paleogene sediments of the himalayan foreland basin. A complete postincisor upper dentition and a left mandible with p3m3 of the proviverrine hyaenodontid creodonta.
Gurkha fort subathu, shimla timings, history, best. The subathu formation also belongs to the sirmur group of the outer lesser himalaya of garhwal. It was placed in anthracobunidae in 1983 but this placement was rejected in a 2014 cladistic analysis. New early eocene tapiromorph perissodactyls from the.
Read biochronological continuity of the paleogene sediments of the himalayan foreland basin. Early eocene mammals from indopakistan have only recently come under study. It is a sequence of limestones, green mudrocks and subordinate sandstones, and has been paleontologically dated as from late palaeocene to middle eocene. The paleontological and field evidences presented in the paper demonstrate a biochronological continuity from the marine subathu late thanetian to middle lutetian through the passage beds late lutetian to middle bartonian to the dagshai and equivalent formations late bartonian to rupelian of the himalayan foreland basin, east of hazarakashmir syntaxis. Mar 22, 2019 the late palaeocenemiddle eocene marine sedimentary sequence of the himalayan foreland basin, represented by the rocks of subathu formation, is enriched with the presence of foraminifera, bryozoa, corals, gastropods, bivalves and so on within both carbonate and clastic dominant lithologies. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Himalayacetus subathuensis is a new pakicetid archaeocete from the subathu formation of northern india. Nov 12, 2011 this paper deals with the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation of the subathu formation exposed at marhighat on sarahannarag road in sirmaur district of himachal pradesh. Kosauli formation dagshai formation subathu formation infra krol and krol formation simla slate formation koti thrust krol thrust road river ui778. Ishatherium is an extinct genus of ungulate from the early eocene of the subathu formation in northwestern india. Mar 01, 2004 this paper provides new information on the evolution of the himalayan foreland basin in the under. Stratigraphy of the lower tertiary formations of punjab himalayas. Several taxa within the subathu mammalian assemblage record the establishment of stable dispersal corridors.
Eocene subathu series of the himalayan foothills of north india abstr. Volume 23 issue 3 journal of vertebrate paleontology. The subathu formation initially was assigned an early to middle eocene age. The journal covers all branches of pureapplied science and technology such as physics, chemistry, life sciences, medicine, earth sciences, engineering and technology. Fossils such as this provide a minimum age constraint on the time of origin of a. The late paleocenemiddle eocene phosphate nodules of solan district of himachal pradesh belong to green facies of subathu formation of sirmur group. Subathu formation detrital zircon results reveal a diverse age component younger than 400 ma, with an older age component denoting a high abundance of early paleozoicneoproterozoic grains and a notable low abundance of paleoproterozoic grains. The occurrence of sole marks suggests that they are developed. Landslide study of gaj watershed, beas river basin. Little has been published on subathu formation mammals collected by geological survey of pakistanuniversity of michigan field parties in the early 1980s from localities in the vicinity of kamroti in kashmir, but known specimens appear indistinguishable from subathu formation mammals described by colleagues in india.
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